Chemistry BSc-II (Honours)

THERMODYNAMICS

BSC-II

1.      An iron cube at a temperature of 400^o C is dropped into an insulated bath containing 10kg water at 25^o C. the water finally reaches a temperature of 50^o C at steady state. Given that the specific heat of water is equal to 4186 J / kg K. find the entropy changes for the iron cube and the water. Is the process reversible? If so why?

2.      Derive Entropy of a mixture of Ideal Gases

3.      Calculate the entropy changes of an Ideal Gas in different processes?

4.      Derive the Entropy changes for a reversible process.

5.      Prove that Entropy is a Property.

6.      Explain Clapeyron-Clausius Equation and also give its derivation.

7.      Explain the concept of Fugacity?

8.      Define Kelvin Planck and Clausius statements of the second law of Thermodynamics.

9.      A Carnot engine has the same efficiency (i) between 100 K and 500 K and (ii) between T K and 900 K. Calculate the temperature T of the sink.

10.  An ideal gas is heated from temperature T₁ to temperature T₂ by keeping its volume constant. The gas is expanded back to its initial temperature according to the law PVⁿ = constant.  If the entropy changes in the two processes are equal, find the value of n in terms of the adiabatic index γ

11.  A Carnot engine converts one fifth of the heat input into work. If the sink temperature is reduced by 80^o C, the efficiency gets doubled. Find the source and the sink temperature. Also give the consequences of the Carnot cycle.

12.  Carnot engine working between a source temperature of T₂ and sink temperature of T₁ has efficiency of 25%. If the sink temperature is reduced by 20^o C, the efficiency is increased to 30%. Find the source and the sink temperature.

13.  A Carnot engine converts one sixth of the heat input into work. If the sink temperature is reduced by 62^o C, the efficiency gets doubled. Find the source and the sink temperature.

14.  Calculate the maximum efficiency of an engine operating between 120^o C and 35^o C

15.  Define Carnot Theorem and also give its proof.

16.  Calculate the net efficiency of a Heat Engine?

17.  Explain Cyclic Process with example.

18.  Define the spontaneous processes with example

19.  Discuss the limitations of the first law of Thermodynamics.

Biology Class 10

Life Processes (Nutrition)

Class 10 (CBSE)

Very Short Answers (1 Mark)

 1. State one difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic mode of nutrition.

2. What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food?

 3. What is the role of acid in our stomach?

4. What is the mode of nutrition in fungi and plasmodium?

Short Answers (2 Marks or 3 Marks)

1.       How is small intestine designed to absorb digested food? (2)

2.       Meat is easier to digest as compared to grass. Why?  (2)

3.       Discuss the mode of nutrition in amoeba.  (2)

4.       (ii) Describe the role of following in digestion.  (3)

a) Bile 

b) Salivary amylase 

c) HCl 

5.       What is the role of following in human digestive system  (2) 

a) Bicarbonate       

b) Trypsin

Long Answers (5 Marks)

1. Explain the process of digestion of food in mouth stomach and small intestine in human body. Draw a well labeled diagram.