Chemistry BSc-II (Honours)

THERMODYNAMICS

BSC-II

1.      An iron cube at a temperature of 400^o C is dropped into an insulated bath containing 10kg water at 25^o C. the water finally reaches a temperature of 50^o C at steady state. Given that the specific heat of water is equal to 4186 J / kg K. find the entropy changes for the iron cube and the water. Is the process reversible? If so why?

2.      Derive Entropy of a mixture of Ideal Gases

3.      Calculate the entropy changes of an Ideal Gas in different processes?

4.      Derive the Entropy changes for a reversible process.

5.      Prove that Entropy is a Property.

6.      Explain Clapeyron-Clausius Equation and also give its derivation.

7.      Explain the concept of Fugacity?

8.      Define Kelvin Planck and Clausius statements of the second law of Thermodynamics.

9.      A Carnot engine has the same efficiency (i) between 100 K and 500 K and (ii) between T K and 900 K. Calculate the temperature T of the sink.

10.  An ideal gas is heated from temperature T₁ to temperature T₂ by keeping its volume constant. The gas is expanded back to its initial temperature according to the law PVⁿ = constant.  If the entropy changes in the two processes are equal, find the value of n in terms of the adiabatic index γ

11.  A Carnot engine converts one fifth of the heat input into work. If the sink temperature is reduced by 80^o C, the efficiency gets doubled. Find the source and the sink temperature. Also give the consequences of the Carnot cycle.

12.  Carnot engine working between a source temperature of T₂ and sink temperature of T₁ has efficiency of 25%. If the sink temperature is reduced by 20^o C, the efficiency is increased to 30%. Find the source and the sink temperature.

13.  A Carnot engine converts one sixth of the heat input into work. If the sink temperature is reduced by 62^o C, the efficiency gets doubled. Find the source and the sink temperature.

14.  Calculate the maximum efficiency of an engine operating between 120^o C and 35^o C

15.  Define Carnot Theorem and also give its proof.

16.  Calculate the net efficiency of a Heat Engine?

17.  Explain Cyclic Process with example.

18.  Define the spontaneous processes with example

19.  Discuss the limitations of the first law of Thermodynamics.